London Metropolitan University: Rankings

Updated:

EduRank

London Metropolitan University logo
EduRank.org best universities badge

London Metropolitan University ranked 90th in the United Kingdom, 1265th in the global 2026 rating, and scored in the TOP 50% across 111 research topics. London Metropolitan University ranking is based on 3 factors: research output (EduRank's index has 10,936 academic publications and 210,583 citations attributed to the university), non-academic reputation, and the impact of 29 notable alumni.

Ranking Category
#1265 of 14,131 In the World
#490 of 2,785 In Europe
#90 of 163 In the United Kingdom
#74 of 131 In England
#19 of 35 In London
#203 of 1,063 For Social Work
#255 of 1,017 For International Relations and Diplomacy
#303 of 2,375 For Gender Studies
#1594 of 8,074 For Alumni Impact
#1085 of 14,131 For Non-academic Prominence
Top50% For 108 other topics

Jump to topical rankings below

Acceptance rate and other statistics

Liberal Arts & Social Sciences rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 84th for Liberal Arts & Social Sciences in the United Kingdom and 1073rd in the World with 7,125 publications made and 137,087 citations received. Main research topics: Political Science, Law, Sociology, Philosophy, History.

Liberal Arts & Social Sciences ranking Location
#84 of 154 In the United Kingdom
#408 of 1,502 In Europe
#1073 of 7,088 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Publications & Citations

Year Liberal Arts & Social Sciences publications Liberal Arts & Social Sciences citations
1993 120 141
1994 77 135
1995 129 213
1996 170 216
1997 132 300
1998 165 368
1999 229 408
2000 179 616
2001 160 718
2002 164 883
2003 177 1094
2004 208 1318
2005 210 1583
2006 212 2055
2007 259 2334
2008 257 2912
2009 270 3484
2010 256 4084
2011 294 4880
2012 244 5447
2013 465 5947
2014 162 6315
2015 190 6682
2016 162 6494
2017 132 6351
2018 118 6877
2019 111 7501
2020 173 8232
2021 186 9167
2022 247 9227
2023 337 10277
2024 165 9366
2025 142 8047

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences.

Liberal Arts & Social Sciences subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Social Work 45 63 203
International Relations and Diplomacy 48 97 255
Gender Studies 57 91 303
Political Economy 61 142 330
Media Studies 78 131 358
Human Rights Law 67 169 412
Negotiation and Conflict Resolution 65 159 412
Communications and Public Relations 72 143 417
Criminology and Criminal Justice 72 131 439
Radio and Television broadcasting 49 148 450
Urban and Regional planning 56 227 454
Early Childhood Education 50 156 504
Public Policy / Administration 78 187 508
International Law 65 222 519
Broadcast Journalism 63 196 545
Aesthetics 72 238 574
Anthropology 87 225 592
Art History 79 256 593
Genealogy 78 231 630
Classics and Ancient History 74 266 698
Sociology 79 266 700
Education Majors 78 233 701
Theology / Divinity / Religious studies 76 291 721
Military science 84 234 735
Library and Information science 81 297 766
Law 84 298 777
Law Enforcement 94 278 798
Political Science 83 347 845
History 81 333 848
Publishing 99 340 879
Archaeology 83 378 994
Journalism and Digital Media 93 405 1180
Linguistics 86 433 1199
Demography 78 410 1245
Philosophy 84 470 1293

Computer Science rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 90th for Computer Science in the United Kingdom and 1487th in the World with 4,098 publications made and 101,246 citations received. Main research topics: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, Telecommunications, Neuroscience, Computer Networking.

Computer Science ranking Location
#90 of 150 In the United Kingdom
#490 of 1,470 In Europe
#1487 of 6,855 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Computer Science Publications & Citations

Year Computer Science publications Computer Science citations
1993 57 89
1994 50 111
1995 61 148
1996 78 163
1997 53 195
1998 69 225
1999 88 251
2000 88 348
2001 87 384
2002 107 644
2003 120 704
2004 130 756
2005 136 1037
2006 134 1290
2007 132 1449
2008 128 1730
2009 200 2100
2010 166 2474
2011 199 2896
2012 164 3407
2013 144 3670
2014 105 3900
2015 109 4141
2016 105 4117
2017 74 4156
2018 88 4551
2019 82 5010
2020 111 5484
2021 128 6354
2022 162 6789
2023 198 7451
2024 125 6167
2025 120 5160

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Computer Science.

Computer Science subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Multimedia 75 295 750
Library and Information science 81 297 766
Management Information Systems 87 350 809
Computer Graphics 69 408 1051
Software Engineering 93 488 1209
Data Science 96 464 1213
Human-Computer Interaction 95 469 1242
Telecommunications 78 456 1411
Machine Learning 82 438 1436
Cognitive Science 92 454 1493
Computational Linguistics 84 477 1522
Cyber Security 97 507 1554
Neuroscience 96 499 1580
Computer Engineering 81 507 1673
Computer Networking 86 520 1677
Artificial Intelligence (AI) 93 560 1732
Computer Vision 91 594 2055
Bioinformatics and Computational biology 93 566 2071
Blockchain and Cryptography 91 603 2149

Environmental Science rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 91st for Environmental Science in the United Kingdom and 1611th in the World with 4,022 publications made and 94,398 citations received. Main research topics: Geography and Cartography, Geology, Ecology, Paleontology, Meteorology and Atmospheric Science.

Environmental Science ranking Location
#91 of 149 In the United Kingdom
#514 of 1,464 In Europe
#1611 of 6,888 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Environmental Science Publications & Citations

Year Environmental Science publications Environmental Science citations
1993 59 131
1994 46 121
1995 65 220
1996 89 205
1997 65 248
1998 76 301
1999 107 311
2000 91 450
2001 87 507
2002 73 626
2003 97 771
2004 119 888
2005 114 990
2006 122 1289
2007 169 1499
2008 141 1724
2009 162 2176
2010 160 2620
2011 185 3080
2012 158 3549
2013 243 3909
2014 105 4206
2015 122 4382
2016 107 4410
2017 80 4392
2018 80 4834
2019 62 5297
2020 84 5946
2021 123 6712
2022 128 6707
2023 188 7314
2024 95 6742
2025 84 5836

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Environmental Science.

Environmental Science subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Urban and Regional planning 56 227 454
Geography and Cartography 87 467 1314
Petrology and Geochemistry 87 576 1875
Environmental Management 96 572 1943
Paleontology 100 584 1988
Ecology 97 587 1999
Wildlife and Fisheries Management & Conservation 91 521 2026
Geology 98 620 2096
Meteorology and Atmospheric Science 90 613 2126
Oceanography 94 615 2130
Geotechnical Engineering 91 603 2238
Earth science and Geophysics 103 713 2743
Agricultural Science 104 682 2836
Environmental Chemistry 98 761 3293

Engineering rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 91st for Engineering in the United Kingdom and 2001st in the World with 3,774 publications made and 89,059 citations received. Main research topics: Materials Science, Mechanical Engineering, Optical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Telecommunications.

Engineering ranking Location
#91 of 150 In the United Kingdom
#603 of 1,466 In Europe
#2001 of 6,795 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Engineering Publications & Citations

Year Engineering publications Engineering citations
1993 52 146
1994 46 183
1995 86 285
1996 82 319
1997 59 294
1998 58 309
1999 98 389
2000 98 501
2001 95 470
2002 90 760
2003 90 813
2004 83 805
2005 100 1048
2006 94 1200
2007 108 1297
2008 131 1573
2009 171 1816
2010 151 2085
2011 194 2653
2012 147 3044
2013 131 3379
2014 108 3726
2015 107 3740
2016 88 3911
2017 67 3817
2018 77 4012
2019 76 4506
2020 100 5127
2021 104 5880
2022 113 6107
2023 152 6404
2024 97 5792
2025 97 4778

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Engineering.

Engineering subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Polymer science and Plastics engineering 38 173 437
Architectural Engineering 59 251 655
Landscape Architecture 67 390 1060
Architecture 83 448 1108
Human-Computer Interaction 95 469 1242
Operations Research 81 442 1342
Telecommunications 78 456 1411
Acoustical Engineering 92 543 1647
Systems Engineering 96 591 1663
Computer Engineering 81 507 1673
Computer Networking 86 520 1677
Mechanical Engineering 91 588 1786
Electrical Engineering 81 548 1820
Electronic Engineering 78 540 1869
Civil Engineering 97 611 2017
Remote Sensing 81 604 2044
Structural Engineering 93 642 2118
Materials Science 85 612 2178
Metallurgical Engineering 84 608 2190
Geotechnical Engineering 91 603 2238
Aerospace Engineering 94 668 2265
Optical Engineering 91 654 2296
Biotechnology 99 597 2423
Chemical Engineering 88 661 2600
Nanotechnology 87 656 2615

Physics rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 91st for Physics in the United Kingdom and 2014th in the World with 3,527 publications made and 77,998 citations received. Main research topics: Quantum and Particle physics, Materials Science, Optical Engineering, Acoustical Engineering, Astrophysics and Astronomy.

Physics ranking Location
#91 of 150 In the United Kingdom
#609 of 1,460 In Europe
#2014 of 6,729 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Physics Publications & Citations

Year Physics publications Physics citations
1993 54 159
1994 42 199
1995 73 266
1996 73 315
1997 57 297
1998 49 314
1999 103 381
2000 102 483
2001 87 502
2002 84 715
2003 91 790
2004 76 766
2005 98 1031
2006 69 1100
2007 103 1252
2008 125 1475
2009 145 1696
2010 153 1916
2011 165 2431
2012 135 2789
2013 124 3087
2014 102 3341
2015 118 3446
2016 88 3473
2017 62 3406
2018 65 3628
2019 63 4041
2020 86 4485
2021 83 5025
2022 92 5154
2023 153 5335
2024 76 4587
2025 94 3758

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Physics.

Physics subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Astrophysics and Astronomy 74 487 1429
Acoustical Engineering 92 543 1647
Quantum and Particle physics 92 611 2049
Atomic and Molecular physics 70 591 2141
Materials Science 85 612 2178
Optical Engineering 91 654 2296
Theoretical Physics 76 637 2298
Nanotechnology 87 656 2615
Nuclear Physics 89 697 2679

Biology rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 94th for Biology in the United Kingdom and 2212th in the World with 3,491 publications made and 95,242 citations received. Main research topics: Biochemistry, Paleontology, Genetics, Neuroscience, Botany.

Biology ranking Location
#94 of 149 In the United Kingdom
#593 of 1,449 In Europe
#2212 of 6,841 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Biology Publications & Citations

Year Biology publications Biology citations
1993 42 179
1994 42 214
1995 52 286
1996 60 333
1997 53 345
1998 64 388
1999 94 401
2000 90 536
2001 88 601
2002 80 800
2003 116 874
2004 100 952
2005 112 1230
2006 93 1391
2007 106 1488
2008 116 1758
2009 139 2111
2010 157 2600
2011 162 2934
2012 132 3385
2013 123 3840
2014 82 4107
2015 102 4268
2016 65 4189
2017 65 4293
2018 66 4653
2019 66 5040
2020 97 5878
2021 101 6506
2022 126 6322
2023 154 6756
2024 93 5821
2025 92 4871

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Biology.

Biology subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Bioethics/Medical Ethics 77 239 670
Neuroscience 96 499 1580
Nutrition and Food Science 82 499 1874
Evolutionary Biology 96 609 1982
Paleontology 100 584 1988
Wildlife and Fisheries Management & Conservation 91 521 2026
Microbiology 87 503 2063
Bioinformatics and Computational biology 93 566 2071
Pharmacology 88 518 2185
Genetics 94 588 2266
Biochemistry 87 577 2269
Molecular Biology 92 577 2289
Horticulture 76 535 2347
Virology 99 582 2358
Zoology 102 616 2410
Biotechnology 99 597 2423
Botany 100 607 2450
Immunology 97 611 2501
Nanotechnology 87 656 2615
Oncology and Cancer research 100 636 2682
Agricultural Science 104 682 2836

Business rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 82nd for Business in the United Kingdom and 955th in the World with 3,024 publications made and 70,371 citations received. Main research topics: Management, Finance, Marketing, Management Information Systems, Advertising.

Business ranking Location
#82 of 146 In the United Kingdom
#374 of 1,436 In Europe
#955 of 6,366 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Business Publications & Citations

Year Business publications Business citations
1993 46 35
1994 24 61
1995 49 80
1996 60 79
1997 46 120
1998 58 149
1999 80 176
2000 74 266
2001 75 341
2002 67 416
2003 87 501
2004 91 635
2005 96 706
2006 90 1003
2007 111 1163
2008 127 1456
2009 126 1711
2010 121 2060
2011 137 2374
2012 108 2645
2013 205 2877
2014 65 3111
2015 84 3135
2016 64 3074
2017 60 3074
2018 42 3152
2019 49 3226
2020 69 3643
2021 115 4325
2022 130 4412
2023 162 5129
2024 80 4669
2025 61 4165

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Business.

Business subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Hospitality and Hotel Management 18 57 155
Entertainment Industry Business 69 180 446
Public Policy / Administration 78 187 508
International Trade 68 301 522
International Business 68 320 584
Advertising 79 245 648
Actuarial Science 59 243 657
Real Estate 53 231 702
Investment Banking and Stock trading 58 250 710
Management Information Systems 87 350 809
Supply Chain Management 68 273 844
Accounting 71 313 845
Project Management 85 368 850
Marketing 83 353 905
Finance 80 394 969
Human Resource Management 93 397 982
Management 92 460 1255
Operations Research 81 442 1342

Medicine rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 102nd for Medicine in the United Kingdom and 1751st in the World with 2,798 publications made and 73,358 citations received. Main research topics: Pathology, Psychiatry, Public Health, Nursing, Health Science.

Medicine ranking Location
#102 of 150 In the United Kingdom
#507 of 1,437 In Europe
#1751 of 6,793 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Medicine Publications & Citations

Year Medicine publications Medicine citations
1993 24 104
1994 24 114
1995 25 126
1996 37 193
1997 32 209
1998 48 217
1999 54 244
2000 61 376
2001 67 419
2002 59 502
2003 80 521
2004 83 681
2005 96 868
2006 87 1048
2007 102 1158
2008 101 1446
2009 110 1699
2010 112 2004
2011 115 2388
2012 90 2667
2013 92 2974
2014 83 3355
2015 104 3472
2016 61 3412
2017 78 3349
2018 66 3772
2019 60 3991
2020 94 4802
2021 99 5698
2022 122 5633
2023 140 5679
2024 75 4795
2025 91 3826

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Medicine.

Medicine subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Social Work 45 63 203
Bioethics/Medical Ethics 77 239 670
Clinical Psychology 96 381 1144
Health Science 104 384 1223
Gerontology 99 410 1236
Paramedicine and Emergency medicine 98 383 1278
Nursing 103 423 1323
Pharmacy 60 423 1353
Public Health 94 449 1472
Psychiatry 99 460 1535
Pediatrics 93 442 1574
Pathology 89 463 1599
Sports Medicine 110 531 1661
Physical Therapy 112 529 1679
Healthcare Management (MHA) 110 520 1755
Family medicine 106 513 2045
Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB-GYN) 99 657 2135
Pharmacology 88 518 2185
Anatomy and Physiology 105 626 2254
Virology 99 582 2358
Immunology 97 611 2501
Surgery 110 675 2506
Oncology and Cancer research 100 636 2682
Radiology and Nuclear medicine 114 747 2703

Chemistry rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 90th for Chemistry in the United Kingdom and 2391st in the World with 2,716 publications made and 67,945 citations received. Main research topics: Organic Chemistry, Materials Science, Biochemistry, Physical chemistry, Chemical Engineering.

Chemistry ranking Location
#90 of 142 In the United Kingdom
#637 of 1,417 In Europe
#2391 of 6,561 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Chemistry Publications & Citations

Year Chemistry publications Chemistry citations
1993 38 170
1994 35 203
1995 61 260
1996 42 321
1997 43 297
1998 39 314
1999 81 374
2000 56 445
2001 65 477
2002 64 656
2003 75 731
2004 63 681
2005 71 868
2006 60 956
2007 70 1010
2008 88 1156
2009 108 1373
2010 116 1578
2011 130 1873
2012 103 2149
2013 87 2443
2014 75 2814
2015 87 2759
2016 55 2868
2017 51 2940
2018 55 3162
2019 63 3531
2020 74 4132
2021 75 4630
2022 82 4691
2023 105 4926
2024 64 4598
2025 67 3812

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Chemistry.

Chemistry subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Polymer science and Plastics engineering 38 173 437
Pharmacy 60 423 1353
Nutrition and Food Science 82 499 1874
Petrology and Geochemistry 87 576 1875
Inorganic Chemistry 71 545 2089
Materials Science 85 612 2178
Organic Chemistry 82 601 2244
Biochemistry 87 577 2269
Chemical Engineering 88 661 2600
Physical chemistry 89 667 2603
Nanotechnology 87 656 2615
Radiochemistry 78 582 2629
Environmental Chemistry 98 761 3293

Psychology rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 95th for Psychology in the United Kingdom and 1245th in the World with 2,677 publications made and 73,794 citations received. Main research topics: Social Psychology, Psychiatry, Education Majors, Neuroscience, Child Psychology.

Psychology ranking Location
#95 of 151 In the United Kingdom
#412 of 1,424 In Europe
#1245 of 6,663 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Psychology Publications & Citations

Year Psychology publications Psychology citations
1993 25 47
1994 18 56
1995 19 62
1996 39 73
1997 28 98
1998 45 137
1999 53 172
2000 54 252
2001 63 299
2002 73 377
2003 75 440
2004 80 550
2005 94 794
2006 84 971
2007 108 1210
2008 101 1426
2009 134 1744
2010 115 2063
2011 130 2562
2012 112 2922
2013 99 3096
2014 80 3335
2015 66 3606
2016 77 3443
2017 69 3379
2018 67 3559
2019 66 3796
2020 75 4219
2021 92 4684
2022 115 4594
2023 147 4814
2024 84 3886
2025 77 3211

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Psychology.

Psychology subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Social Work 45 63 203
Sexology 56 106 381
Negotiation and Conflict Resolution 65 159 412
Education Majors 78 233 701
Social Psychology 88 339 925
Child Psychology 93 353 1028
Clinical Psychology 96 381 1144
Cognitive Science 92 454 1493
Psychiatry 99 460 1535
Neuroscience 96 499 1580

Economics rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 80th for Economics in the United Kingdom and 793rd in the World with 2,471 publications made and 59,662 citations received. Main research topics: Development Studies, Finance, Political Economy, Econometrics and Mathematical Economics, International Trade.

Economics ranking Location
#80 of 144 In the United Kingdom
#306 of 1,391 In Europe
#793 of 6,188 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Economics Publications & Citations

Year Economics publications Economics citations
1993 44 34
1994 21 53
1995 41 80
1996 53 81
1997 41 117
1998 42 129
1999 76 161
2000 70 244
2001 55 332
2002 52 355
2003 61 437
2004 82 562
2005 72 613
2006 79 819
2007 93 958
2008 113 1233
2009 104 1457
2010 103 1596
2011 109 2025
2012 92 2166
2013 130 2401
2014 64 2540
2015 71 2688
2016 54 2738
2017 62 2638
2018 40 2784
2019 46 2928
2020 71 3306
2021 74 3799
2022 93 3842
2023 112 4281
2024 59 3424
2025 47 2890

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Economics.

Economics subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
International Relations and Diplomacy 48 97 255
Political Economy 61 142 330
International Trade 68 301 522
International Economics 71 362 612
Actuarial Science 59 243 657
Investment Banking and Stock trading 58 250 710
Econometrics and Mathematical Economics 60 306 763
Development Studies 88 302 869
Finance 80 394 969
Environmental Economics 83 493 1273

Mathematics rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 85th for Mathematics in the United Kingdom and 1397th in the World with 1,966 publications made and 54,952 citations received. Main research topics: Statistics, Math Teachers, Econometrics and Mathematical Economics, Applied Mathematics, Operations Research.

Mathematics ranking Location
#85 of 143 In the United Kingdom
#470 of 1,406 In Europe
#1397 of 6,434 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Mathematics Publications & Citations

Year Mathematics publications Mathematics citations
1993 21 28
1994 14 48
1995 28 52
1996 44 81
1997 39 89
1998 32 102
1999 52 125
2000 47 184
2001 49 218
2002 46 350
2003 55 372
2004 65 425
2005 66 570
2006 72 777
2007 76 930
2008 80 1151
2009 99 1338
2010 92 1512
2011 106 1893
2012 92 2108
2013 65 2399
2014 36 2381
2015 51 2732
2016 41 2643
2017 30 2599
2018 38 2759
2019 33 2952
2020 42 3240
2021 56 3887
2022 87 3957
2023 91 4228
2024 55 3076
2025 52 2327

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Mathematics.

Mathematics subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Actuarial Science 59 243 657
Econometrics and Mathematical Economics 60 306 763
Math Teachers 76 258 805
Applied Mathematics 54 448 1218
Operations Research 81 442 1342
Statistics 85 475 1389
Blockchain and Cryptography 91 603 2149

Art & Design rankings

London Metropolitan University ranked 84th for Art & Design in the United Kingdom and 803rd in the World with 1,786 publications made and 32,404 citations received. Main research topics: Fashion Design, Literature, Aesthetics, Art History, Creative Writing.

Please note that our approach to subject rankings is based on scientific outputs and heavily biased on art-related topics towards institutions with computer science research profiles.

Art & Design ranking Location
#84 of 151 In the United Kingdom
#331 of 1,385 In Europe
#803 of 6,010 In the World

London Metropolitan University
Art & Design Publications & Citations

Year Art & Design publications Art & Design citations
1993 34 36
1994 19 29
1995 42 57
1996 54 51
1997 40 71
1998 34 79
1999 60 101
2000 48 142
2001 45 165
2002 52 231
2003 50 287
2004 40 332
2005 52 416
2006 52 412
2007 77 485
2008 62 572
2009 82 825
2010 68 878
2011 82 1152
2012 70 1331
2013 66 1460
2014 50 1556
2015 53 1610
2016 45 1545
2017 47 1488
2018 38 1625
2019 28 1795
2020 38 1925
2021 32 1998
2022 58 1966
2023 68 2002
2024 37 1587
2025 37 1296

The following table provides academic rankings for London Metropolitan University in various areas of Art & Design.

Art & Design subfield United Kingdom ranking Europe ranking World rank
Cinematography 60 114 261
Entertainment Industry Business 69 180 446
Creative Writing 84 230 565
Aesthetics 72 238 574
Art History 79 256 593
Interior Design 54 258 640
Performing arts 92 308 707
Multimedia 75 295 750
Graphic Design 58 293 772
Literature 90 374 953
Fashion Design 90 388 962
Computer Graphics 69 408 1051
Landscape Architecture 67 390 1060
Architecture 83 448 1108